![]() ![]() Human movement is a highly complex activity produced by neuromuscular activation and biomechanical output ( Gottlieb, 1998). Our findings on muscle synergy will be of great significance to motor control and even to clinical assessment techniques. This study confirmed the theory of modular structure in the central nervous system, which yields a stable synergetic pattern under the same movement. Additionally, we also found shared synergy and special synergy in activation patterns among different movements. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated significant similarities among HO-WE, HO-SU, and WE-SU ( p < 0.001). The results showed a highly modular similarity of the muscle synergy among subjects under the same movement. For this, we enrolled 10 healthy subjects to record the electromyography signal for NMF calculation. In this study, we introduced the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method to explore the muscle activation patterns and synergy structure under 6 types of movements, involving the hand open (HO), hand close (HC), wrist flexion (WF), wrist extension (WE), supination (SU), and pronation (PR). However, a few studies focus on the synergetic similarity and dissimilarity among different types of movements, especially for the upper extremity movements. Extensive studies have verified that it is the foundation to induce a complex movement by the modular combinations of several muscles with a synergetic relationship. 3School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, ChinaĪ core issue in motor control is how the central nervous system generates and selects the muscle activation patterns necessary to achieve a variety of behaviors and movements.2Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.1Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.Xiaoling Chen 1,2, Xiaojiao Dong 1, Yange Feng 1, Yuntao Jiao 1, Jian Yu 1, Yan Song 1, Xinxin Li 1, Lijie Zhang 3, Peiguo Hou 1* and Ping Xie 1,2* ![]()
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